PENETRATING INK
Ink that contains a penetrating dye that goes into the fibers of the print-receiving material and shows through to the back of the document. It is usually used in passports and travel documents for applying numbers by letterpress printing.
a — Paper substrate and polymer substrate ;
b — Blank number. Front side. Penetrating ink;
c — Document number. Back side. Traces of red dye on the reverse side of the print. Oblique light;
d, e — Zoomed fragment. Front (d) and back (e) side of the print. Letterpress;
a — Paper substrate;
b, c — Blank number (b). Zoomed fragment of the symbol (c). Penetrating ink. Letterpress